Pentosan Polysulfate
Also known as: PPS, Elmiron
Semi-synthetic polysaccharide that protects and repairs cartilage in osteoarthritis and joint disorders.
Benefits
6
Conditions
5
Evidence
Multiple preclinical studies, clinical trials in equine and human OA+ studies
Source
Semi-synthetic derivative from beechwood hemicellulose
Gabriel Brain Score
Moderate
Overview
Semi-synthetic polysaccharide that protects and repairs cartilage in osteoarthritis and joint disorders.
Mechanism of Action
Stimulates proteoglycan synthesis and incorporation into cartilage ECM, inhibits MMP-3 and other degradative enzymes, enhances TIMP-3 levels, reduces inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α), improves subchondral bone blood flow, exhibits mild antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activity.
Key Benefits
- ✓Protects cartilage from degradation
- ✓Stimulates cartilage matrix production
- ✓Reduces joint inflammation
- ✓Improves synovial fluid quality
- ✓Enhances joint nutrition and microcirculation
- ✓Reduces pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis
Clinical Applications
Dosing Guidelines
Intramuscular injection
Oral (for interstitial cystitis)
* Dosing should be individualized. Always consult with a qualified healthcare practitioner.
Research & Evidence
Multiple preclinical studies, clinical trials in equine and human OA
FDA approved for interstitial cystitis. Strong preclinical evidence for cartilage protection. Human clinical trials show benefit for knee OA with good safety profile.
Safety Information
Potential Side Effects
- •Injection site pain
- •Mild bleeding risk
- •Gastrointestinal upset
- •Hair loss (rare)
- •Retinal pigmentary changes (long-term oral use)
Contraindications
- Bleeding disorders
- Active gastric ulcers
- Severe hepatic or renal impairment
Interactions
- ⚠Anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk)
- ⚠Aspirin and NSAIDs